用水竞争力指数评价方法及其应用研究

水资源短缺加剧了区域、行业间水资源竞争的程度,影响了水资源的演变格局,也对水资源供需管理提出了新的要求。为了定量化描述用水竞争现象,辨析了用水竞争力概念、内涵及其驱动因素,引入了用水竞争力指数（WCI）,并采用驱动增长率、刚性需水量、用水效益和用水紧缺程度四类指标构建了用水竞争力评价模型,以京津冀地区为例,定量分析得到京津冀地区2001—2015年农业、工业和生活分行业多年平均用水竞争力指数分别为0.09、0.17和0.56,其中生活用水竞争力指数最大并长期保持增长趋势,成为影响京津冀地区用水竞争力的主要行业,其次是工业用水竞争力指数,但呈波动性变化特征,农业用水竞争力指数最小但呈持续增加的趋势。     

混凝土大坝安全监测系统的研究现状与进展

大坝安全监测的研究是近年来国际学术界研究的热点问题之一,涉及许多不同的研究领域,如数据量测、采集、信号处理、数据处理分析与安全评估系统等。文中阐述了大坝安全监测系统的概念及组成,介绍了国内外混凝土大坝安全监测系统的发展与应用情况,提出了在混凝土大坝安全监测系统应用中存在的问题,并对混凝土大坝安全监测系统应用的发展进行了展望。     

滦河流域水资源承载力研究

针对滦河流域水资源承载力问题,明确相关概念,介绍了水资源承载力的计算方法及过程,经分析得出滦河流域水资源承载力将会出现轻度超载现象,指出应采取开源节流的对策,提高水资源的承载能力,促进流域水资源可持续利用.     

Multiple objects tracking in the presence of long-term occlusions

We present a robust object tracking algorithm that handles spatially extended and temporally long object occlusions. The proposed approach is based on the concept of “object permanence” which suggests that a totally occluded object will re-emerge near its occluder. The proposed method does not require prior training to account for differences in the shape, size, color or motion of the objects to be tracked. Instead, the method automatically and dynamically builds appropriate object representations that enable robust and effective tracking and occlusion reasoning. The proposed approach has been evaluated on several image sequences showing either complex object manipulation tasks or human activity in the context of surveillance applications. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed tracker is capable of handling several challenging situations, where the labels of objects are correctly identified and maintained over time, despite the complex interactions among the tracked objects that lead to several layers of occlusions.     

Modelling water dynamics with DNDC and DAISY in a soil of the North China Plain: A comparative study

The performance of the DNDC and Daisy model to simulate the water dynamics in a floodplain soil of the North China Plain was tested and compared. While the DNDC model uses a simple cascade approach, the Daisy model applies the physically based Richard's equation for simulating water movement in soil. For model testing a three years record of the soil water content from the Dong Bei Wang experimental station near Beijing was used. There, the effect of nitrogen fertilization, irrigation and straw removal on soil water and nitrogen dynamics was investigated in a three factorial field experiment applying a split-split-plot design with 4 replications. The dataset of one treatment was used for model testing and calibration. Two other independent datasets from further treatments were employed for validating the models. For both models, the simulation results were not satisfying using default parameters. After parameter optimisation and the use of site-specific van Genuchten parameters, however, the Daisy model performed well. But, for the DNDC model, parameter optimisation failed to improve the simulation result. Owing to the fact that many biological processes such as plant growth, nitrification or denitrification depend strongly on the soil water content, our findings bring us to the conclusion that the site-specific suitability of the DNDC model for simulating the soil water dynamics should be tested before further simulation of other processes.     

Robust optimization of supply chain network design in fuzzy decision system

This paper presents a new robust optimization method for supply chain network design problem by employing variable possibility distributions. Due to the variability of market conditions and demands, there exist some impreciseness and ambiguousness in developing procurement and distribution plans. The proposed optimization method incorporates the uncertainties encountered in the manufacturing industry. The main motivation for building this optimization model is to make tools available for producers to develop robust supply chain network design. The modeling approach selected is a fuzzy value-at-risk (VaR) optimization model, in which the uncertain demands and transportation costs are characterized by variable possibility distributions. The variable possibility distributions are obtained by using the method of possibility critical value reduction to the secondary possibility distributions of uncertain demands and costs. We also discuss the equivalent parametric representation of credibility constraints and VaR objective function. Furthermore, we take the advantage of structural characteristics of the equivalent optimization model to design a parameter-based domain decomposition method. Using the proposed method, the original optimization problem is decomposed to two equivalent mixed-integer parametric programming sub-models so that we can solve the original optimization problem indirectly by solving its sub-models. Finally, we present an application example about a food processing company with four suppliers, five plants, five distribution centers and five customer zones. We formulate our application example as parametric optimization models and conduct our numerical experiments in the cases when the input data (demands and costs) are deterministic, have fixed possibility distributions and have variable possibility distributions. Experimental results show that our parametric optimization method can provide an effective and flexible way for decision makers to design a supply chain network.     

擦窗机悬挂轨道三维结构有限元分析

为探究某擦窗机悬挂结构的合理性,在AIP中创建其悬挂轨道的三维参数化特征模型,并根据轨道的结构、材料和特定工况受力等边界条件,建立悬挂系统的有限元模型,模拟计算2种有代表性的偏栽荷工况受力情况,得到悬挂轨道的三维应力分布、结构变形和安全因数．根据工程设计要求和初步分析结果,在保持边界条件和载荷条件不变的情况下,快速更新轨道结构参数,并通过比较分析确定塔楼悬挂轨道的最佳断面参数．该轨道及其固定间距、滑车滚轮和导向轮等构件均满足设计安全要求．     

跌倒检测在远程健康监管系统中的应用研究

利用三轴加速度传感器对人体活动产生的加速度信号进行采集,提出了将数据分析分割成用户终端信号的预处理和在后台处理两部分。在用户终端采取基于1-class SVM分类算法对疑似数据进行提取,在后台通过分析不同动作事件下其能量损耗的阈值范围的不同进行跌倒判断,并分析了人体在特定时域的速度、位移以及倾角作为判断跌倒的辅助判据。实验表明,该应用能够为老年人的健康提供一种新的保障。     

长江江源高寒地区气候变化对水文环境影响研究综述

在全球气候变化背景下,长江江源高寒地区的水文气象要素(气温、降水、蒸发、径流)和水文环境(冰川、冻土、积雪、湿地、沼泽、植被)已受到重大影响。尤其是随着气候变暖,长江江源地区出现了冻土及冻土环境退化、植被退化、冻融侵蚀和土地荒漠化的四大生态环境问题。通过对该地区近50年气候变化对水文气象要素和水文环境影响研究现状的辨析,从国家需求和科学问题两个层面上,提出了当前亟待解决的主要问题并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。这对于促进长江、黄河上游地区和岷江、大渡河、嘉陵江的河源区生态屏障建设,特别是保障三峡库区水资源安全利用研究能够起到一定的参考作用。     

层状土壤条件下地下滴灌水氮运移模型及应用

基于土壤水分运动的动力学方程和溶质运移的对流-弥散方程,考虑地下滴灌灌水器流量随时间的变化,建立了层状土壤地下滴灌施用硝酸铵(NH4NO3)条件下水氮运移的数学模型。利用均质砂土(S)、均质壤土(L)、上砂下壤(SL)和砂土夹层(LSL)四种土壤的试验数据对模型进行了验证。结果指出,考虑土壤中灌水器流量随时间变化可稍改善土壤含水率和硝态氮的模拟精度。利用验证后的数学模型研究了灌水器流量(1.1、1.75和2.6L/h)、灌水器与犁底层相对位置对地下滴灌水氮分布的影响,模拟结果表明灌水器流量对含水率分布的影响不明显,但灌水器流量的增大可明显增加20~40cm土层硝态氮含量;灌水器与犁底层相对位置对水氮分布影响显著,灌水器位于犁底层中(埋深25cm)土壤表层干土层较薄、水氮向下运移深度较小,有利于减小土壤蒸发和避免水氮淋失。